Archaeologists have described fossils of a rare and mysterious ancient sea creature with a worm-like body, helmet-like shell, and scary spikes as ‘a mythical beast’ that was ‘strange beyond measure.’ The heavily-armored creature is thought to date back about 518 million years.
‘The two specimens could shed light on the diversity of extinct creatures as well as their connection with animals in modern times,’ said researcher Zhao Fangchen.
An artistic rendition shows the rare creature had a long worm-like body, a shell over its head like a bike helmet and lengthy scary spikes poking out from either side of its body
Zhao Fangchen (pictured) holds one of the two fossils of the ancient species that have been discovered in Yunnan Province, China. Zhao, a researcher, said the creature was very small
Another rock that contains the fossil of the extinct sea creature (circled) which was thought to live in shallow waters during the Cambrian Period from 541 to 485.4 million years ago
To date, only two specimens have been found amidst the tens of thousands of other creatures which were discovered in the region.
The discovery was made in southern China’s Yunnan Province where there is a rich deposit of fossilised ancient animals from the Cambrian Period (541 to 485.4 million years ago.
In 2015, the first fossil was found at the famous Chengjiang fossil site, by researchers from Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, a part of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The second, in nearby Kunming in 2016 by a fossil lover who found it was strange he gave it to Mr. Zhao.
Mr. Zhao found out the two fossils were the same rare creature, whose official name is orthrozanclus elongata, indicating its elongated body.
The two fossils (above) were discovered in 2015 and 2016 respectively in southern China’s Yunnan Province where there is a rich deposit of fossilised ancient animals
Chengjiang fossil site is situated in southern China near the provincial capital Kunming
Zhao Fangchen is a researcher at the institute and said as soon as he saw the fossil he knew it was different from all the other fossils ‘even if it was very small.’
Mr. Zhao said that the ‘alien-like’ creature had extremely long spikes along both sides of its soft body, and unlike many other ancient sea creatures, its body was unsegmented making it hard to put it under any major category.
‘The creature was about 1.5cm long and 3mm wide, but its spikes were about 6mm long,’ said Mr. Zhao. ‘It just looked so different.’
A collage provided by the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology shows all the shell-armored creatures, known as the sclerite-covered taxa, they have discovered in the Chengjiang fossil site in Yunnan. The pictures a, b, f, and g are of the two new specimens
Photos of fossils and drawings of different orthrozanclus, a shell-bearing, sclerite covered Cambrian organism, that has been discovered by researchers from the Chinese Institute
Dr. Martin R. Smith, an Assistant Professor at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Durham in the United Kingdom, studied the fossils together with Mr. Zhao. An artistic rendition of the creature has been created based on their research effort.
The creature has a long and slug-like body, and its head was protected by a hard shell ‘almost as if it’s wearing a bike helmet’, said Dr. Smith.
A large number of lengthy spikes poke out on either side of its body. Under its body, there is a wide cushion-like layer made of small segments.
‘The creature is like a mythical beast,’ Dr. Smith said. But he also admitted that ‘We don’t know much about the animal underneath these mineralized plates – whether it had legs or a slug-like foot, [and] whether it had teeth or tentacles.’
Mr. Zhao Fangchen said he suspected it lived in shallow waters less than 100 meters deep and it was likely that the creature had evolved to having such strange looks because it needed to protect itself in nature.
The fossils are said to be a demonstration of how diverse the appearance of extinct animals could be and could also help researchers understand the connection between ancient animals and animals in modern times.
Mr. Zhao added that the two fossils have provided further proof to the Cambrian Explosion, a theory which claimed a wide variety of animals burst onto the evolutionary scene around 541 million years ago.
The fossils were discovered in a famous fossil site, Chengjiang fossil site. Pictured, children view fossils of ancient creatures discovered in the region at the Nanjing Paleontology Museum
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